Fantom is a high performance public chain (compatible with Ethereum virtual machines) that is based on DAG technology and supports smart contracts, aiming to solve the problems of poor scalability and low efficiency of existing blockchains. Fantom is the main application DeFi, fast transaction and almost zero commission.

FTM hopes to become a model for the third generation of decentralized financial projects, offering a complete set of DeFi products and development tools for building DeFi. The goal of Fantom is to make all the trading institutions in the world compatible with each other and to create an ecosystem that enables real-time trading and data sharing at low cost. Fantom's vision is to ensure compatibility between all trading institutions worldwide using fast DAG technology that can be deployed on a large scale in the real world. At the same time, Fantom also wants to create a new infrastructure with high reliability to enable real-time transactions and data sharing. FANTOM's vision is to use fast DAG technology that can be deployed on a large scale in the real world to grant compatibility between all trading institutions worldwide and to create a new infrastructure with high reliability to enable real-time trading and data sharing. FANTOM hopes to see large-scale applications in a variety of vertical industries, such as telecommunications, finance, logistics, electric vehicle supply and more. The FANTOM Foundation plans to create the FANTOM platform and a new ecosystem based on smart contracts for use by all current and future partner companies around the world. The Fantom Foundation will also lead the development of the next generation of distributed ledger technology to facilitate more accurate, reliable and continuous global transactions. The platform will open up its source code for the community to use and change, and provide a variety of application support tools that can be used to create decentralized applications (DApps).

Blockchain has been facing the "impossible triangle" of speed, security and decentralization at the same time. The more nodes a blockchain has, the more decentralized it is, and the slower and less scalable it is. Star public chains such as EOS and Tron tried to solve the "impossible triangle" problem, but the actual effect was not satisfactory. For example, EOS, which is said to be capable of millions of TPS, is measured only in a few thousand, and has been criticized for its low security and biased centralization. There are also many emerging public chains that have been exploring solutions to this problem, such as Avalanche Protocol, NEAR, etc. To solve these long-standing problems, Fantom developed a new model based on directed acyclic graph (DAG), which simply means that the more nodes you add, the faster it gets and the scalability becomes infinite. Fantom plans to differentiate itself from the traditional block-based distributed ledger storage infrastructure by using an improved version of the existing DAG protocol. Fantom platform adopts Lachesis Consensus Algorithm (Lachesis Algorithm) based on DAG network technology, which aims to use DAG based distributed ledger technology to improve performance and security, not only to prevent attacks caused by specific node failures, But also can achieve extremely high transaction throughput, so that all users can enjoy the cost of almost zero instant transactions. Lachesis also provides precautions against multiple attack scenarios, such as Sybil attacks, parasite chain attacks, and transaction flooding.

Fantom project has made many innovations in technology, trying to solve the impossible triangle problem of blockchain technology. First, Fantom uses a new protocol called the Lachesis protocol to maintain consensus. The protocol will be integrated into the Fantom OPERA chain. The aim is to allow a set of applications to be built on top of the Fantom OPERA chain, allowing all users to enjoy instant transactions at almost zero cost. OPERA chain, as a new distributed infrastructure, aims to solve the scalability problems of existing blockchains by rapidly processing blocks on a large scale. Meanwhile, OPERA Chain attempts to process transaction information and "StoryData" in real time in a distributed environment. The OPERA chain consists of three layers: the Core Layer, which processes transactions on a large scale; The OPERA Ware Layer is responsible for supporting smart contracts and other features; The OPERA Application Layer provides support for third-party applications. Second, Lachesis Consensus Algorithm (LCA), which aims to use DAG based distributed ledger technology to improve performance and security. It can not only prevent attacks caused by specific node failures, but also achieve extremely high transaction throughput. LCA forms Lachesis DAG based on the Lachesis protocol. A series of links between event blocks form a DAG, which, as a distributed system, can store arbitrary data that cannot be changed. The event block contains information such as transactions, smart contracts, historical information, and the value of previous transactions. Furthermore, on the virtual machine side, the Fantom VIRTUAL machine is designed to significantly reduce capacity and increase processing speed. Register-based virtual machines can reduce OPCODE execution costs by more than 50% and nearly double performance capacity. Another innovation of Fantom project compared to other projects is that Fantom hopes to use highly secure elliptic curve cryptosystem (ECC) technology to enhance the security of signature and data transfer between nodes.

The Fantom platform has a unique technology called OPERA. OPERA chain, as a new distributed infrastructure, aims to solve the scalability problems of existing blockchains by rapidly processing blocks on a large scale. Meanwhile, OPERA Chain attempts to process transaction information and "StoryData" in real time in a distributed environment. Story root is stored in event data to record detailed historical information. The structure is similar to a normal transaction structure, but "Storyroot" is more extensive in terms of inheritance of certain attributes. The operation principle of "Story root" will be introduced and explained in the following technical papers. The Fantom OPERA chain will use a scala-based high-level functional programming language that follows smart contract bytecode on the Fantom network. The Fantom OPERA chain consists of three layers: The Core Layer processes transactions at scale, the OPERA Ware Layer supports smart contracts and other features, and the OPERA Application Layer supports third-party applications. The OPERA Core Layer aims to run reliable transactions within the Fantom ecosystem and to utilize Core chain technology for information exchange. OPERA's Core Layer, a chaining technology, can theoretically process up to 300,000 transactions per second.

The OPERA chain will use a new Consensus Algorithm called Lachesis Consensus Algorithm (LCA), which aims to improve performance and security using DAG-based distributed ledger technology. LCA aspires to be a Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) technology that guarantees a similar level of consensus to existing blockchains. Not only can it prevent attacks caused by specific node failures, it can also process more than 300,00 transactions per second. OPERA Chain plans to use encryption to enhance the security of communication between nodes and use functional programming languages for full smart contract support. LCA intends to form "Lachesis DAG" based on the Lachesis protocol. A series of links between event blocks form a DAG, which, as a distributed system, can store arbitrary data that cannot be changed. The event block contains the following information: transactions, smart contracts, historical information, and the value of previous transactions. The central authority manipulates the entire structure to connect one event block to the previous one. The addition of late event blocks makes the event blocks of the previous rounds more fully verified. LCA is intended to run completely asynchronously, requiring two copies of the same transaction (i.e., the double payout problem) where only the earliest transaction is validated. The order between transactions is assisted by the main linked list.

FTM Tokens have several roles in the Fantom ecosystem and are integral to a well-functioning, healthy network. 1. Ensure network security: Fantom uses PoS system that requires verifier to hold FTM. Anyone with at least 3,175,000 FTMS can run their own validation nodes, earning cycle rewards and transaction fees. Each FTM holder has the option of entrusting their tokens to a verifier (while retaining full oversight of their own funds) to receive the pledge award. The verifier receives a small fee for the service. By locking up their FTM, verifiers help the entire network become decentralized and secure. To compensate the verifier for its services and prevent transaction fraud, each action on the Fantom network costs a small fee, which is paid in FTM. 3. On-chain voting: Decisions related to Fantom ecology will be decided through transparent on-chain voting. The weighting of votes is based on the number of FTMS held by each entity. Basically, 1FTM equals 1 vote. By governing token FTM, verifiers and principals can vote on network parameters such as block awards, technical committees, and so on. 4. Other uses: FTM will be used as collateral in future Fantom DeFi Suite. The pledge is used to secure the Fantom network. The Opera network uses PoS: Verifiers and consignors are rewarded for their contributions to securing the network by pledging their tokens.

Fantom is a hot project in the industry in 2018. It has been highly rated and supported by many well-known investment institutions in China, and the private equity exceeded 10 times. After subsequent adjustments by THE CEO and team members, Fantom announced the launch of FanTom. Finance in early 2020, which is the first DeFi platform started with aBFT (Asynchronous Byzantine fault tolerant Algorithm) consensus mechanism. Fantom has partnered with Coinbase, ChainLink, Sushiswap, Ren Protocol, and The Graph, a Web 3.0 indexing Protocol. It can be seen that Fantom has the ambition to develop DeFi ecological construction, and has a relatively complete DeFi ecological construction at present. In terms of on-chain data, currently Fantom network has 47 verification nodes, more than 200,000 addresses, and processes 500,000 transactions per day on average. Yearn founder Andre is also actively testing the new product of Its Cross-chain Atomic Swap through Fantom's EVM compatibility features. Cross-chain asset trading is also one of the tracks to explode. At present, Keep3rV1, Cover Protocol, Cream.Finance, Frax, Sushiswap and more Ethereum DeFi protocols have also announced that they will start migrating to Fantom for further development. To create a cross-chain ecosystem.

Core Team CEO/CIO: Michael Kong; He served as CTO of Block8, a blockchain project incubator. He studied finance and information technology at the University of Sydney and built the first Ethereum decomcompilers and smart contract vulnerability detectors. COO/ Government Relations: Barek Sekandari; In 2018, it worked closely with the governments of South Asian countries, the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the World Health Organization and other international organizations to promote the implementation of blockchain technology. Currently, he also serves as Clover's strategic consultant. DeFi Architect: Andre Cronje (AC); Yearn.Finance (YFI) founder, joined Fantom team in 2018, served as the chairman of Fantom's technical committee for about half a year, and still serves as Fantom's technical advisor. Before 2021, more than 30 institutions participated in the investment, including Danhua Capital, BlockVC, LinkVC, Eight Dimension Capital, etc. Additional financing for 2021 includes: Alameda Research (FTX's parent company) led by SBF has invested $35m, BlockTower Capital has invested $20m and HyperChain Capital has invested $1,500 $10,000 investment (initial investment of $2.5 million in 2018), etc.

Driven by the market situation this year, various public chain projects focusing on DeFi have attracted attention again, such as Fantom and Solana. These new public chains tend to have extremely high mining APY and high-value air drop activities (such as Spiritswap and SpookySwap on Fantom chain) at the initial stage of their launch, which have certain wealth generation effect and attract a large number of users. On the technical level, Fantom uses DAG technology, has the advantages of high throughput, high security, and EVM compatibility, theoretically very friendly to DeFi developers and users. In the current environment where ethereum Gas costs are high and Layer 2 solutions have been slow to take off, Fantom has actually managed to gain market acceptance by innovating on the mechanics. It's important to note, however, that Fantom is still running with only a few dozen nodes, making it significantly less decentralized than mainstream public chains like Ethereum. In terms of capital and endorsement, Fantom has increased several rounds of financing to 70 million DOLLARS this year, including Alameda Research of SBF, which can bring many industry resources to Fantom. In addition, AC, as a consultant to Fontom, has also been promoting the cross-chain integration of various projects into the Fantom chain, enabling the rapid expansion of the Fantom ecosystem. Overall, Fantom is a relatively high-quality public chain project, but its future development is strongly correlated with the market situation. If the market continues to fluctuate, the market demand for new public chain will continue to weaken. However, at present, DeFi project of Fantom platform is slightly more difficult to get started than general projects, and liquidity mining income does not have obvious advantages. Whether the volume of lockers can continue to grow in the future, the influx of developers are still unknown, we will continue to pay attention to this low-key "killer".